A Celtic Chronology

1200 First castles built by the Normans were at Trim and Carrickfergus.

Llewellyn ap Iorweth of Wales, grandson of Owen Gwynedd, restores territory to Gwynedd.

1210 King John of Ireland decrees the laws and customs of England be observed in Ireland. He meant for it to be extended to the native Irish as well but the ruling Normans did not let that happen.

1215 King John signs the Magna Carta at Runnymede, England.

1235 Normans invade Connacht, the last remaining kingdom not under English might because Rory O’Connor’s son, Cathal, was involved in a revolt. They are led by Richard de Burgo.

As time passed the English felt they could do as they wished, the Irish were an impediment to their taking control. It was generally known that it was no crime to kill an Irishman. One English commander hung Irish men and women from the nearest tree. If there were infants in the Irish family, they were hung by their mother’s hair.

The Irish resisted, those families that could not be subdued by might, the English invited to a great banquet to celebrate their truce and the end to the fighting. At the banquet the Irish were poisoned and butchered.

1258 Galloglasses, Celts from the Hebrides with a Viking heritage, are settled in Ulster. The O’Neill’s and McCarthy’s rebel.

1260 The Battle of Downpatrick and death of Brian O’Neill.

1261 The Battle of Callann where the McCarthy’s are victorious.

1263 The Battle of Larg, where Alexander III of Scotland defeated the Norwegians for control of the Hebrides.

1264 Walter de Burgo made Earl of Ulster, he already ruled Connacht.

1266 The MacDonald family control the Western Isles off Scotland (The Hebrides).

1267 The Treaty of Montgomery by which the English granted the title Prince of Wales to the foremost Welsh leader

1270 The Battle of Ath-an-Kip a Norman failure, and an Irish victory.

1278 The Treaty of Abner Conway after the defeat of Llewellyn in Wales.

1282 Edward I of England pushes further into Wales eventually killing Llewellyn.

1283 Gwynedd incorporates Snowdonia and Anglesy, the rest of Wales becomes the private property of the King of England.

1284 The Ordinance of Rhuddian allowing Welsh law to apply to other than criminal cases.

The “Maid of Norway”, Margaret the daughter of Alexander III’s daughter Margaret and Eric II of Norway, becomes heir to the Scottish throne.

1286 The guardians of Margaret ruled Scotland for five years until she could reign.

1289 Edward I of England proposed his son, Edward, marry the Maid of Norway. This was agreed to in the Treaty of Birgham in 1290, but Margaret died that same year.

1292 Edward I of England selects John Balliol to be King of Scotland.

1295 John Balliol, King of Scotland, made a treaty with France with an eye toward war with England.

1296 John Balliol invaded Northumberland and Cumberland; the Battles of Berwick, Dunbar, Edinburgh Castle and Perth all in Scotland represented Edward’s answer.

The Ragman’s Roll (property owners of Scotland who deferred to Edward I of England)

The Earl of Surrey was appointed the Administrator of Scotland

The revolt of William Wallace in Scotland.

1297 The Battle of Stirling Bridge, a Wallace victory led by a Wallace supporter, Andrew Moray and Wallace. The English left Scotland.

Wallace invaded Northumberland and Cumberland.

First meeting of the Irish Parliament.

1298 The Battle of Falkirk and the defeat of William Wallace.

1300′s Conan IV of Brittany gave his daughter, Constance, to be the bride of Henry II of England’s son, Geoffrey.

1301 Edward I proclaims his son, Edward II, the Prince of Wales. Thus he establishes the precedent whereby English kings proclaimed their sons the Prince of Wales.

1305 Edward completes the subjugation of Scotland by executing Wallace.

1306 Robert Bruce proclaims himself King of Scotland.

1307 The Battle of Loundon Hill where Bruce is victorious over the English.

1314 The Battle of Brannockburn in which Bruce succeeds in pushing the English from Scotland. Bruce then invades England.

1315 Edward Bruce invades Ireland, he is the brother of Robert Bruce, the King of Scotland. After several victories over the English some Irish declare him High King.

Felim O’Connor leads the Irish Confederacy supporting Bruce.

1316 The Battle of Athenry defeats Felim of Connacht’s Irish Confederacy supporting Bruce.

1318 Battle of Faughart where Edward Bruce was killed.

1320 Arboath Declaration

1324 Four month raid by the Scots into Northumberland and Cumberland.

1326 A parliament is formed in Scotland after the English model.

1328 The Treaty of Northhampton whereby the English under Edward II recognized Robert Bruce as an equal king.

Thomas Randolph, First Earl of Moray, controls the Isle of Man. The result of a land grant from Robert Bruce.

1329 David II ascends the Scottish throne. Robert Bruce’s heart is taken by Sir James Douglas on a Crusade.

The earldoms of Desmond, and Ormand are created with Normans: Maurice FitzThomas the first Earl of Desmond, and James Butler the first Earl of Ormond.

1330 The invasion of Scot land by Edward Balloil, the brother of John Balloil.

1331 David II is the first Scottish monarch crowned, annointed and coronated with the full rites of the Catholic Church. The Papal See was willing previously but England prevented it, wanting to keep Scotland from any level approaching its own.

1332 The Battle of Dupplin Moor resulted in a victory for Edward Balliol. He had himself crowned King of Scotland.

The Battle of Annas and the defeat of Edward Balliol.

1333 The last De Burgo, William, Earl of Ulster, was murdered.

Edward Balliol successfully re-invades Scotland with a new army and the support of Edward III of England.

The battle of Halidon Hill where Edward Balliol defeated the Scots and divides Scotland between himself and Edward III.

1337 The Dukedom of Cornwall is established for the oldest son of the King of England, making it the oldest dukedom under English rule.

1341 David II was restored as the King of Scotland due to the efforts of the Norman noblemen of Scotland.

1346 The Battle of Neville’s Cross in which England defeats David II.

1348 Bubonic plague descends on Ireland.

1356 The “Burnt Candlemas” and defeat of Edward Balliol.

1363 Breton Bertrand du Guescin was Captain Generl of Normandy. He became a Chamberlain to Charles V of France.

1364 The defeat of Charles Auray.

1366 Statutes of Kilkenny passed by the Irish Parliament. These were laws passed to stop the English families from putting on Irish aires, it seems that too many of the English in Ireland were taking on Irish habits. The laws outlawed the use of the Gaelic language, Irish culture, music, clothes, games, laws, they even forbid the wearing of moustaches, as this was something the Irish did. Breaking the law was punishable by death!

1368 Bertrand du Guescin was a major leader in France’s defeat of Spain.

1371 Robert II (FitzAlan) became the first Stewart (Stuart) to be King of Scotland. He was a nephew of David II.

1372 Owen Glendower of Wales was expected to land in Wales with French allies, but never came.

1377 Richard II became King of England at age 11.

~1380 Turlough O’Connor assembled the Book of Ballymote.

1384 Richard II of England invades Scotland.

French allies arrive in Scotland to assist in stopping the invasion.

Scotland invades England.

1388 The Battle of Otterburn (Chevy Chase) and the defeat of the English by the Scots.

1390 Robert III ascended the Scottish throne.

Henry II of England invades Scotland.

1394 Richard II visits Ireland, the first English king to visit in two hundred years.

1396 Clan fight in Perth, Scotland.

1399 Richard visits again and while gone from England, Henry IV takes the throne.

Owen Glendower of Llewellyn was proclaimed the Prince of Wales by the English monarch.