DeDanaan

Filed by Aine MacDermot

1000 Nomenoe, a Breton hero, conquered the cities of Nantes and Rennes.

1002 Brian Boru emerged as High King.

1005 Malcolm II was King of Alba.

1014 Battle of Clontarf where Brian Boru defeats the Vikings but is killed as is his son and grandson, in the fighting.

1018 Battle of Caham won by Malcolm II of Alba over the Lothians. Duncan, grandson of Malcolm, succeeds as King of Alba and Lothia.

1039 Wales was ruled by Grufydd ap Lewelyn until 1063.

1040 Duncan of Alba and Lothia killed by Macbeth of Moray.

1057 Macbeth died, Malcolm III succeeds as the new ruler of Alba.

1066 Norman invasion of England, Rhys ap Tewdr of Dehenbarth negotiates a halt of the Norman advance into Wales at Wye Gap.

1068 Malcolm III married an English Princess (Margaret), from this point on Scottish monarchs are at least one half English.

1092 William of Orange invades Alba.

1093 Welsh leader, Rhys ap Tewdr, dies in battle against the Normans and the Normans advance into Wales.

Malcolm III invades England and is defeated at the Battle of Alne.

1094 Donald Bane, an anti-English brother of Malcolm III, is King of Alba.

Duncan II, son of Malcolm III, defeated Bane in battle but is in turn defeated in battle by Bane ad his brother, Edward in the Battle of Mondynes.

1097 Edgar, son of Malcolm III and Margaret, ruled Alba until 1107.

1098 Norwegian Magnus Barleg takes control of the western islands from Alba.

1100 Administrative growth in development of the Catholic church in Ireland.

Count Alan Barbe-Torte of Brittany successfully drives Norsemen from Brittany.

Conan of Rennes emerges as a Breton leader.

1107 Alexander I, the older brother of Edgar succeeds to the throne of Alba.

1123 The Cross of Cong was fabricated, it was built to encase what is believed to be an 18 inch by 30 inch piece of the true cross of Christ.

1124 David I another brother of Edgar and a son of Malcolm III became King of Alba. He gives lands of his kingdom to Norman allies and makes Alba Protestant. Among the Norman families that settled then were: The Bruce family in Annandale, the deMorvilles in Ayrshire and Lauderdale and the family that became known as Steward, Stewart or Stuart in Renfreshire.

1135 Madog ap Maredudd resists the Normans in Wales.

1138 Battle of the Standard, a defeat of David I of Alba, now called Scotland, by the English.

1152 Synod of Kells.

1153 Malcolm IV of Scotland, called the Maiden for his youthful beauty, loses Northumberland and Cumberland to England.

1155 Date of the alleged bull “Laudabiliter” of the English Pope Adrian IV placing Ireland in the hands of the rulers of England. One of the reasons given for this action was that the Pope was disturbed that the Catholic Church in Ireland, a nation known for its fighting ability, never raised an army to go on any of the Crusades.

Ireland was never occupied by Roman soldiers as was England, so that a relationship between England and Rome was closer than that of Ireland and Rome.

1060 Death of Finn MacGorman compiler of the Book of Leinster.

1164 Parts of Dehenbarth, Wales recovered by Rhys ap Gruffyd who is the grandson of Rhys ap Tewdr. To keep the territory he pays tribute to Henry II of England.

A Papal Bull describes the Scottish Catholic Church, which had no Archbishop, as a “special daughter” of the Holy See. Two Archbishoprics in England, Canterbury and York claimed and contested for control of the Scottish church and was the cause of the issuance of the bull.

1165 The King of Scotland, William, the Lion, began what was the longest reign of a Scottish monarch (49 years). He invaded Northumberland and Cumberland in an attempt to recover those lands lost by his brother Malcolm IV.

1166 Expulsion of Dermot MacMurrough for stealing the wife of Tiernan O’Rourke. O’Rourke was an ally of Rory O’Connor of Connacht who was fighting other Irish kings to be the High King. MacMurrough seeks allies on the continent, and he talks with the Normans stationed in Wales. The Normans were vassals of Henry II of England.

Rise of Rory O’Connor, last native King of Ireland.

1169 Norman invasion of Ireland led by Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, Earl of Pembroke. He was known as “Strongbow.”

1170 Dublin captured by the Normans. It was defended by Rory O’Connor and the Danes.

1171 Henry II arrives in Ireland and receives the homage of the Normans and of some Irish.
Slavery prohibited by the Irish Catholic Church.

The native Irish rose up and pushed the Normans to occupy only coastal cities.

1172 Pope Alexander III confirms Pope Adrian IV’s Bull and grants Ireland to Henry II of England for the purposes of bringing the Irish church into the mainstream of Roman authority.

1174 William, the Lion, King of Scotland was defeated and captured in battle against the English of Henry II at the Battle of Alnwick. In the succeeding treaty, The Treaty of Falaise, the independence of Scotland was surrendered to England.

1175 Treaty of Windsor between the English King Henry II and Rory O’Connor, the Irish High King. O’Connor accepts Henry as his ruler and is given Connacht to rule. The Catholic Church accepts Henry as the ruler commissioned by the Pope. Henry leaves Hugh de Lacy in charge of Ireland.

The Normans control all of Ireland except Tyrone, Armagh, Donegal, and Cork where the families of O’Neill, O’Donnell, and McCarthy’s respectively would not yield. Rory O’Connor was allowed to rule Connacht.

1177 Henry sets his son, John, up as the ruler of Ireland

1189 The independence of Scotland was re-acknowledged by Richard I of England in the Treaty of Canterbury as he sought allies to keep his throne.

1196 William the Lion led an expedition against Caithness asserting Scottish control over the Norsemen there..

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